Table Of Content
The result is that the position, size, and intensity of a series of pulses define color information. These pulses can translate into pixels on the computer screen, with the possibility of exploiting composite artifact colors. With a few small-scale logic chips and a cheap PROM (programmable read-only memory), he created a functional floppy disk interface at a fraction of the component cost of standard circuit configurations.
Units
It was one of the first successful mass-produced microcomputer products, and it played a significant role in the early development of the personal computer industry.[3] It has an 8-bit microprocessor. By the end of 1977 Apple had sales of $775,000 for the fiscal year, which included sales of the Apple I. This puts Apple clearly behind the others of the "holy trinity" of the TRS-80 and Commodore PET, even though the TRS-80 was launched last of the three. [45] However, during the first five years of operations, revenues doubled about every four months.
Nevada Test Site Apple II houses
It was unearthed from the Rancho Cucamonga home of a former Chaffey student who had purchased it from the professor for $650 in 1977. Apple released Applesoft BASIC in 1977, a more advanced variant of the language which users could run instead of Integer BASIC for more capabilities, such as the ability to use floating point numbers. From setting up your device to recovering your Apple ID to replacing a screen, Genius Support has you covered.
Apple launches “Made for Business” in select stores around the world
Between September 1977 and September 1980, annual sales grew from $775,000 to $118 million.[46] During this period the sole products of the company were the Apple II and its peripherals, accessories, and software. Although it sold well from the launch, the initial market was to hobbyists and computer enthusiasts. Sales expanded exponentially into the business and professional market, when the spreadsheet program VisiCalc was launched in mid-1979. VisiCalc is credited as the defining killer app in the microcomputer industry.
“A lot of people just want to know what kind of a person collects Apple-1 computers and it’s not just people in the tech industry,” Cohen said. On Tuesday, John Moran Auctioneers will auction off a functioning Apple-1 computer hand-built by Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs and others in a Los Altos, Calif., garage in 1976. The system was the rock upon which the trillion-dollar Apple empire was built. Some commercial Apple II software booted directly and did not use standard DOS disk formats. This discouraged the copying or modifying of the software on the disks, and improved loading speed.
Early Apple IIs were often sold with a Sup'R'Mod, which allowed the composite video signal to be viewed in a television. Apple added vent holes to the case within three months of production; customers with the original case could have them replaced at no charge. He previously wrote for the USA Today network of newspapers including the Ventura County Star, where he covered the Thomas and Woolsey wildfires and the Borderline mass shooting, the Spectrum & Daily News in Utah and the Lansing State Journal in Michigan.
The Birth of the Personal Computer - The New Yorker
The Birth of the Personal Computer.
Posted: Thu, 18 May 2023 07:00:00 GMT [source]
Company
Because of that Soviet developers preferred native mode over "Apple II" compatibility mode. A 6502 assembler was soon offered on disk,[33] and later the UCSD compiler and operating system for the Pascal language were made available. The Pascal system requires a 16 KiB RAM card to be installed in the language card position (expansion slot 0) in addition to the full 48 KiB of motherboard memory. Disk users normally purchased a so-called Language Card, which had Applesoft in ROM, and was located below the Integer BASIC ROM in system memory. The user could switch between either BASIC by typing FP or INT in BASIC prompt. Apple also offered a different version of Applesoft for cassette users, which occupied low memory, and was started by using the LOAD command in Integer BASIC.
Homeless encampments are on the ballot in Arizona. Could California, other states follow?
The Neutra VDL Research House II also received an award from the Los Angeles County Preservation Fund for structural renovation of roofs on the garden house and the penthouse and for the installation of a drainage system to prevent further water infiltration problems. The Byte Shop spruced up the boards, enclosing them in an economical-at-the-time koa wood case. The investment may pay off as auction house and Apple-1 experts expect the unit to sell for close to $500,000, if not more.
U.S., California sue Apple, alleging company monopolized smartphone market
Cohen said the unit was not in “bad condition” when he examined it, although the keyboard required complete rebuilding. About 200 Apple-1 units were assembled by Wozniak, Jobs and others, 175 of which were sold. About 60 Apple-1 units still exist, Cohen said, with only about 20, including the Chaffey unit, capable of functioning. Follow a container of board games from China to St. Louis to see all the delays it encounters along the way. The unit is dubbed the “Chaffey College Apple-1” because its first owner was identified as a Chaffey professor.
Early Apple II games from the 1977–79 period often ran only in text or low-resolution mode in order to support users with small memory configurations; HGR not being near universally supported by games until 1980. When the color burst reference signal is turned on and the computer attached to a color display, it can display green by showing one alternating pattern of pixels, magenta with an opposite pattern of alternating pixels, and white by placing two pixels next to each other. Blue and orange are available by tweaking the pixel offset by half a pixel-width in relation to the color-burst signal. The high-resolution display offers more colors by compressing more (and narrower) pixels into each subcarrier cycle.
Original Apple IIs had jumper switches to adjust RAM size, and RAM configurations could be 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 36, or 48 KiB. The three smallest memory configurations used 4kx1 DRAMs, with larger ones using 16kx1 DRAMs, or mix of 4-kilobyte and 16-kilobyte banks (the chips in any one bank have to be the same size). The early Apple II+ models retained this feature, but after a drop in DRAM prices, Apple redesigned the circuit boards without the jumpers, so that only 16kx1 chips were supported. A few months later, they started shipping all machines with a full 48 KiB complement of DRAM. The coarse, low-resolution graphics display mode works differently, as it can output a pattern of dots per pixel to offer more color options. These patterns are stored in the character generator ROM, and replace the text character bit patterns when the computer is switched to low-res graphics mode.
Wozniak's open-architecture design and Apple II's multiple expansion slots permitted a wide variety of third-party devices, including peripheral cards, such as serial controllers, display controllers, memory boards, hard disks, networking components, and real-time clocks. There were plug-in expansion cards—such as the Z-80 SoftCard—that permitted Apple II to use the Z80 processor and run programs for the CP/M operating system,[38] including the dBase II database and the WordStar word processor. The Z80 card also allowed the connection to a modem, and thereby to any networks that a user might have access to. But they expanded significantly with the development of bulletin board systems in later years. Third-party sound cards greatly improved audio capabilities, allowing simple music synthesis and text-to-speech functions. This two-story house is one of two left from the so-called Apple II test of the effects of nuclear blasts on civilian targets, including a complex of buildings, cars, communications equipment, and food supplies.
He was born and raised in Southern California and attended Saint Mary’s College of California. “One of my reactions was, ‘Wow, I don’t know who that instructor is, but I hope they’re not reading the news now and thinking about how they sold it for $600,’” said Steve Siedschlag, a computer science professor at Chaffey. Siedschlag and his colleagues have so far been unsuccessful in identifying the professor. But the Chaffey unit is made unique, and possibly more valuable, by its koa wood case, its accessories and its provenance, Cohen said.
No comments:
Post a Comment